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  The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable

 
The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable under Philosophy in The Books Store
Price: $27.00
Sale: $15.88
 
Manufacturer: Random House
Number of Items: 1
 
 
Binding: Hardcover
Author: Nassim Nicholas Taleb
Publisher: Random House
Edition: 1
Dewey Decimal Number: 003.54
Publication Date: 2007-04-17
Reading Level: 400
 
Description: Bestselling author Nassim Nicholas Taleb continues his exploration of randomness in his fascinating new book, The Black Swan, in which he examines the influence of highly improbable and unpredictable events that have massive impact. Engaging and enlightening, The Black Swan is a book that may change the way you think about the world, a book that Chris Anderson calls, "a delightful romp through history, economics, and the frailties of human nature." See Anderson's entire guest review below.


Guest Reviewer: Chris Anderson

Chris Anderson is editor-in-chief of Wired magazine and the author of The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More.

Four hundred years ago, Francis Bacon warned that our minds are wired to deceive us. "Beware the fallacies into which undisciplined thinkers most easily fall--they are the real distorting prisms of human nature." Chief among them: "Assuming more order than exists in chaotic nature." Now consider the typical stock market report: "Today investors bid shares down out of concern over Iranian oil production." Sigh. We're still doing it.

Our brains are wired for narrative, not statistical uncertainty. And so we tell ourselves simple stories to explain complex thing we don't--and, most importantly, can't--know. The truth is that we have no idea why stock markets go up or down on any given day, and whatever reason we give is sure to be grossly simplified, if not flat out wrong.

Nassim Nicholas Taleb first made this argument in Fooled by Randomness, an engaging look at the history and reasons for our predilection for self-deception when it comes to statistics. Now, in The Black Swan: the Impact of the Highly Improbable, he focuses on that most dismal of sciences, predicting the future. Forecasting is not just at the heart of Wall Street, but it’s something each of us does every time we make an insurance payment or strap on a seat belt.

The problem, Nassim explains, is that we place too much weight on the odds that past events will repeat (diligently trying to follow the path of the "millionaire next door," when unrepeatable chance is a better explanation). Instead, the really important events are rare and unpredictable. He calls them Black Swans, which is a reference to a 17th century philosophical thought experiment. In Europe all anyone had ever seen were white swans; indeed, "all swans are white" had long been used as the standard example of a scientific truth. So what was the chance of seeing a black one? Impossible to calculate, or at least they were until 1697, when explorers found Cygnus atratus in Australia.

Nassim argues that most of the really big events in our world are rare and unpredictable, and thus trying to extract generalizable stories to explain them may be emotionally satisfying, but it's practically useless. September 11th is one such example, and stock market crashes are another. Or, as he puts it, "History does not crawl, it jumps." Our assumptions grow out of the bell-curve predictability of what he calls "Mediocristan," while our world is really shaped by the wild powerlaw swings of "Extremistan."

In full disclosure, I'm a long admirer of Taleb's work and a few of my comments on drafts found their way into the book. I, too, look at the world through the powerlaw lens, and I too find that it reveals how many of our assumptions are wrong. But Taleb takes this to a new level with a delightful romp through history, economics, and the frailties of human nature. --Chris Anderson




 

  The Revolution: A Manifesto

 
The Revolution: A Manifesto under Philosophy in The Books Store
Price: $21.00
Sale: $11.71
 
Manufacturer: Grand Central Publishing
Number of Items: 1
 
 
Binding: Hardcover
Author: Ron Paul
Publisher: Grand Central Publishing
Dewey Decimal Number: 973.931
Publication Date: 2008-04
Reading Level: 192
 
Description: This Much Is True: You Have Been Lied To.



  • The government is expanding.
  • Taxes are increasing.
  • More senseless wars are being planned.
  • Inflation is ballooning.
  • Our basic freedoms are disappearing.

The Founding Fathers didn't want any of this. In fact, they said so quite clearly in the Constitution of the United States of America. Unfortunately, that beautiful, ingenious, and revolutionary document is being ignored more and more in Washington. If we are to enjoy peace, freedom, and prosperity once again, we absolutely must return to the principles upon which America was founded. But finally, there is hope . . .

In THE REVOLUTION,Texas congressman and presidential candidate Ron Paul has exposed the core truths behind everything threatening America, from the real reasons behind the collapse of the dollar and the looming financial crisis, to terrorism and the loss of our precious civil liberties. In this book, Ron Paul provides answers to questions that few even dare to ask.

Despite a media blackout, this septuagenarian physician-turned-congressman sparked a movement that has attracted a legion of young, dedicated, enthusiastic supporters . . . a phenomenon that has amazed veteran political observers and made more than one political rival envious. Candidates across America are already running as "Ron Paul Republicans."

"Dr. Paul cured my apathy," says a popular campaign sign. THE REVOLUTION may cure yours as well.

 

  A Short History of Nearly Everything

 
A Short History of Nearly Everything under Philosophy in The Books Store
Price: $16.95
Sale: $10.29
 
Manufacturer: Broadway
Number of Items: 1
 
 
Binding: Paperback
Author: Bill Bryson
Publisher: Broadway
Dewey Decimal Number: 500
Publication Date: 2004-09-14
Reading Level: 560
 
Description: From primordial nothingness to this very moment, A Short History of Nearly Everything reports what happened and how humans figured it out. To accomplish this daunting literary task, Bill Bryson uses hundreds of sources, from popular science books to interviews with luminaries in various fields. His aim is to help people like him, who rejected stale school textbooks and dry explanations, to appreciate how we have used science to understand the smallest particles and the unimaginably vast expanses of space. With his distinctive prose style and wit, Bryson succeeds admirably. Though A Short History clocks in at a daunting 500-plus pages and covers the same material as every science book before it, it reads something like a particularly detailed novel (albeit without a plot). Each longish chapter is devoted to a topic like the age of our planet or how cells work, and these chapters are grouped into larger sections such as "The Size of the Earth" and "Life Itself." Bryson chats with experts like Richard Fortey (author of Life and Trilobite) and these interviews are charming. But it's when Bryson dives into some of science's best and most embarrassing fights--Cope vs. Marsh, Conway Morris vs. Gould--that he finds literary gold. --Therese Littleton

 

  The 48 Laws of Power

 
The 48 Laws of Power under Philosophy in The Books Store
Price: $18.00
Sale: $9.00
 
Manufacturer: Penguin (Non-Classics)
Number of Items: 1
 
 
Binding: Paperback
Author: Robert Greene
Publisher: Penguin (Non-Classics)
Dewey Decimal Number: 303.3
Publication Date: 2000-09-01
Reading Level: 452
 
Description: "Learning the game of power requires a certain way of looking at the world, a shifting of perspective," writes Robert Greene. Mastery of one's emotions and the arts of deception and indirection are, he goes on to assert, essential. The 48 laws outlined in this book "have a simple premise: certain actions always increase one's power ... while others decrease it and even ruin us."

The laws cull their principles from many great schemers--and scheming instructors--throughout history, from Sun-Tzu to Talleyrand, from Casanova to con man Yellow Kid Weil. They are straightforward in their amoral simplicity: "Get others to do the work for you, but always take the credit," or "Discover each man's thumbscrew." Each chapter provides examples of the consequences of observance or transgression of the law, along with "keys to power," potential "reversals" (where the converse of the law might also be useful), and a single paragraph cleverly laid out to suggest an image (such as the aforementioned thumbscrew); the margins are filled with illustrative quotations. Practitioners of one-upmanship have been given a new, comprehensive training manual, as up-to-date as it is timeless.


 

  This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession

 
This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession under Philosophy in The Books Store
Price: $15.00
Sale: $5.98
 
Manufacturer: Plume/Penguin
Number of Items: 1
 
 
Binding: Paperback
Author: Daniel J. Levitin
Publisher: Plume/Penguin
Dewey Decimal Number: 781.11
Publication Date: 2007-08-28
Reading Level: 322
 
Description: In this groundbreaking union of art and science, rocker-turned-neuroscientist Daniel J. Levitin explores the connection between music—its performance, its composition, how we listen to it, why we enjoy it—and the human brain. Drawing on the latest research and on musical examples ranging from Mozart to Duke Ellington to Van Halen, Levitin reveals:
• How composers produce some of the most pleasurable effects of listening to music by exploiting the way our brains make sense of the world
• Why we are so emotionally attached to the music we listened to as teenagers, whether it was Fleetwood Mac, U2, or Dr. Dre
• That practice, rather than talent, is the driving force behind musical expertise
• How those insidious little jingles (called earworms) get stuck in our heads

And, taking on prominent thinkers who argue that music is nothing more than an evolutionary accident, Levitin argues that music is fundamental to our species, perhaps even more so than language. This Is Your Brain on Music is an unprecedented, eye-opening investigation into an obsession at the heart of human nature.

 

  The Road to Serfdom: Text and Documents--The Definitive Edition (The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek)

 
The Road to Serfdom: Text and Documents--The Definitive Edition (The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek) under Philosophy in The Books Store
Price: $15.00
Sale: $8.94
 
Manufacturer: University Of Chicago Press
Number of Items: 1
 
 
Binding: Paperback
Author: F. A. Hayek
Publisher: University Of Chicago Press
Publication Date: 2007-03-30
Reading Level: 304
 
Description:
An unimpeachable classic work in political philosophy, intellectual and cultural history, and economics, The Road to Serfdom has inspired and infuriated politicians, scholars, and general readers for half a century. Originally published in 1944—when Eleanor Roosevelt supported the efforts of Stalin, and Albert Einstein subscribed lock, stock, and barrel to the socialist program—The Road to Serfdom was seen as heretical for its passionate warning against the dangers of state control over the means of production. For F. A. Hayek, the collectivist idea of empowering government with increasing economic control would lead not to a utopia but to the horrors of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

First published by the University of Chicago Press on September 18, 1944, The Road to Serfdom garnered immediate, widespread attention. The first printing of 2,000 copies was exhausted instantly, and within six months more than 30,000 books were sold. In April 1945, Reader’s Digest published a condensed version of the book, and soon thereafter the Book-of-the-Month Club distributed this edition to more than 600,000 readers. A perennial best seller, the book has sold 400,000 copies in the United States alone and has been translated into more than twenty languages, along the way becoming one of the most important and influential books of the century.

With this new edition, The Road to Serfdom takes its place in the series The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek.  The volume includes a foreword by series editor and leading Hayek scholar Bruce Caldwell explaining the book's origins and publishing history and assessing common misinterpretations of Hayek's thought.  Caldwell has also standardized and corrected Hayek's references and added helpful new explanatory notes.  Supplemented with an appendix of related materials ranging from prepublication reports on the initial manuscript to forewords to earlier editions by John Chamberlain, Milton Friedman, and Hayek himself, this new edition of The Road to Serfdom will be the definitive version of Friedrich Hayek's enduring masterwork.

 

  The Art Of War

 
The Art Of War under Philosophy in The Books Store
Price: $3.99
Sale: $2.45
 
Manufacturer: Filiquarian
Number of Items: 1
 
 
Binding: Paperback
Author: Sun Tzu
Publisher: Filiquarian
Dewey Decimal Number: 181
Publication Date: 2007-11-07
Reading Level: 68
 
Description: Twenty-Five Hundred years ago, Sun Tzu wrote this classic book of military strategy based on Chinese warfare and military thought. Since that time, all levels of military have used the teaching on Sun Tzu to warfare and cilivzation have adapted these teachings for use in politics, business and everyday life. The Art of War is a book which should be used to gain advantage of opponents in the boardroom and battlefield alike.

 

  The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window into Human Nature

 
The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window into Human Nature under Philosophy in The Books Store
Price: $16.00
Sale: $9.14
 
Manufacturer: Penguin (Non-Classics)
Number of Items: 1
 
 
Binding: Paperback
Author: Steven Pinker
Publisher: Penguin (Non-Classics)
Edition: Reprint
Dewey Decimal Number: 302
Publication Date: 2008-08-26
Reading Level: 512
 
Description: This New York Times bestseller is an exciting and fearless investigation of language

Bestselling author Steven Pinker possesses that rare combination of scientific aptitude and verbal eloquence that enables him to provide lucid explanations of deep and powerful ideas. His previous books—including the Pulitzer Prize finalist The Blank Slate—have catapulted him into the limelight as one of today’s most important popular science writers. In The Stuff of Thought, Pinker presents a fascinating look at how our words explain our nature. Considering scientific questions with examples from everyday life, The Stuff of Thought is a brilliantly crafted and highly readable work that will appeal to fans of everything from The Selfish Gene and Blink to Eats, Shoots & Leaves.

 

  The Selfish Gene: 30th Anniversary Edition--with a new Introduction by the Author

 
The Selfish Gene: 30th Anniversary Edition--with a new Introduction by the Author under Philosophy in The Books Store
Price: $19.99
Sale: $8.91
 
Manufacturer: Oxford University Press, USA
Number of Items: 1
 
 
Binding: Paperback
Author: Richard Dawkins
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Edition: 3
Dewey Decimal Number: 576.5
Publication Date: 2006-05-25
Reading Level: 384
 
Description: Inheriting the mantle of revolutionary biologist from Darwin, Watson, and Crick, Richard Dawkins forced an enormous change in the way we see ourselves and the world with the publication of The Selfish Gene. Suppose, instead of thinking about organisms using genes to reproduce themselves, as we had since Mendel's work was rediscovered, we turn it around and imagine that "our" genes build and maintain us in order to make more genes. That simple reversal seems to answer many puzzlers which had stumped scientists for years, and we haven't thought of evolution in the same way since.

Why are there miles and miles of "unused" DNA within each of our bodies? Why should a bee give up its own chance to reproduce to help raise her sisters and brothers? With a prophet's clarity, Dawkins told us the answers from the perspective of molecules competing for limited space and resources to produce more of their own kind. Drawing fascinating examples from every field of biology, he paved the way for a serious re-evaluation of evolution. He also introduced the concept of self-reproducing ideas, or memes, which (seemingly) use humans exclusively for their propagation. If we are puppets, he says, at least we can try to understand our strings. --Rob Lightner


 

  Plato and a Platypus Walk into a Bar . . .: Understanding Philosophy Through Jokes

 
Plato and a Platypus Walk into a Bar . . .: Understanding Philosophy Through Jokes under Philosophy in The Books Store
Price: $12.00
Sale: $6.33
 
Manufacturer: Penguin (Non-Classics)
Number of Items: 1
 
 
Binding: Paperback
Author: Thomas Cathcart::Daniel Klein
Publisher: Penguin (Non-Classics)
Edition: Reprint
Dewey Decimal Number: 102.07
Publication Date: 2008-06-24
Reading Level: 224
 
Description: This New York Times bestseller is the hilarious philosophy course everyone wishes they’d had in school

Outrageously funny, Plato and a Platypus Walk into a Bar . . . has been a breakout bestseller ever since authors—and born vaudevillians—Thomas Cathcart and Daniel Klein did their schtick on NPR’s Weekend Edition. Lively, original, and powerfully informative, Plato and a Platypus Walk Into a Bar . . . is a not-so-reverent crash course through the great philosophical thinkers and traditions, from Existentialism (What do Hegel and Bette Midler have in common?) to Logic (Sherlock Holmes never deduced anything). Philosophy 101 for those who like to take the heavy stuff lightly, this is a joy to read—and finally, it all makes sense!

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